The D.E.A.D system can produce a potential of 168,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 possible architectural structures, and as many possible program descriptions ­ that is 26,500,000,000,000 structures for every person on earth. The morphology of the system can produce structures ranging from typical post-and-beam construction (see figure below left) to less than typical structural and formal solutions (see below right). The structures produce different arrangements of framework and void. In the accompanying examples the structural framework was coupled with an inflatable fabric enclosure, that was inflated within the different voids produced by the exclusionary program fitness tests.

House

Structure and Enclosure
The three views on the left show a prototypical house harvested from the D.E.A.D system. The system evolves a structure, based on the differential space-truss morphology discussed in the algorithm section, and produces a limited rigid enclosure. The rigid enclosure encapsulates the most private parts of the building, and combined with the struts of the space truss provides a framework for an inflated enclosure. The inflated bubble is placed within the voids produced by the programmatic fitness tests, and completes the enclosure implied by the structure.


Program
The software was not set to specifically evolve a house, but instead produced an architectural structure with a corresponding program arrangement that was suitable for domestic program. The program arrangement abstractly defines spaces of varying sizes with varying degrees of privacy. The arrangement of public and privates spaces, and their sizes, harvested from the system provide a possible model for domestic living. The primary space of the program is large in scale and public, acting as a 'living room' and providing for other public functions such as foyer/entry. Satellites of smaller, more secure spaces were also generated, providing an arrangement suitable for a private bedroom and semi-private kitchen and support spaces (laundry, storage). The most private spaces in the structure, also being most connected to the structure and easy connectivity to outside services (water, sewage) provides for a possible bathroom.










Office Building
The second unbuilt case-study is at an entirely different scale than the house, it is a prototypical office building. The project was evolved using the same mechanisms, but an additional constraint of site boundaries was added, to evolve structures for a specific urban condition.

Structure and Enclosure
The structure evolved uses the space-truss morphology of the D.E.A.D algorithms, but produced a distinctly different arrangement – reminiscent of post and beam construction. The structural elements fall roughly into a rectangular grid structure, making it ideal for an open plan office building. The morphology did not produce a perfect rectilinear structure, but instead the beams and columns angle slightly and are redundant, producing a rigid structure that would hypothetically need little or no cross-bracing. The enclosure was produced through the same process as the house, inflating an envelope within the voids of the space. However, since the spaces are much more enclosed by the structure, and on a fairly regular grid, a typical curtain walling system could be used.

Program
The voids encouraged within the structure by the program parameters are spaced along the surface of the building and not within. The program description that was created specified several public spaces, and the remainder evolved to be regularly divided semi-private spaces. The public spaces open up the faces of the building occasionally by removing cross members and producing double width and double height spaces that could act as balconies, conference rooms or special events rooms.


The D.E.A.D system has been used so far to generate approximately 3000 structures. The image below shows a menagerie of some additional structures, of various scales, shapes and potential uses. All were evolved within 100 generations or less.